What can cause dermatologic skin conditions?

Many different factors can affect the health and appearance of our skin, from genetics and hormones to environmental triggers and underlying health conditions. Whilst some skin conditions have a clear cause, others can develop due to a combination of factors, making it difficult to identify exactly why they have appeared.

Understanding some of the common causes and triggers can help you recognise changes and know when to seek professional advice.

Genetics and family history

Some dermatological conditions can have a genetic component, meaning you may be more likely to develop them if they run in your family. Psoriasis, for example, is linked to both genetics and the immune system, although having a genetic predisposition does not necessarily mean you will develop the condition. Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, can also be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin and can begin at any age.

Hormonal changes

Hormones can also affect the skin. Acne, for instance, is often associated with hormonal changes during puberty, when increased testosterone can stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum. This can combine with dead skin cells to block hair follicles, resulting in spots and other forms of acne. Hormonal fluctuations at other stages of life can also influence the skin, meaning some people may notice changes during adulthood.

Environmental factors

Our surroundings can have a significant impact on the skin. Sun exposure, temperature changes and dry weather can all trigger or worsen certain conditions. Rosacea, for example, can be aggravated by sunlight, hot or cold temperatures, spicy foods, alcohol and stress. Exposure to irritants or allergens can also cause contact dermatitis, while certain skincare products may trigger irritation in some people.

Stress and lifestyle factors

Stress does not necessarily cause every skin condition, but it can trigger or worsen symptoms in some cases. Research shows that stress can contribute to flare-ups of conditions including acne, eczema, psoriasis and rosacea. Other lifestyle factors, including smoking and alcohol consumption, may also affect certain conditions or contribute to flare-ups.

When should you seek advice?

Because many dermatological conditions can have similar symptoms, it is not always easy to determine what is causing a change in your skin. Rosacea, for example, can sometimes be mistaken for acne or dermatitis.

If you have noticed persistent, unusual or changing symptoms, seeking professional advice can help establish the cause and identify the most appropriate treatment. A proper diagnosis is an important first step towards managing your skin and protecting its long-term health.